Would the anti-smoking ban affect the strategies of a restaurant Essay

Would the counter smoking boycott influence the systems of a café - Essay Example Bans on smoking in cafés and bars are showing up progressively in numerous European nations, similar to Ireland (2004), Italy (2005), Sweden (2005), Norway (2004), and presentation is normal in a lot more soon (Rosted, 2006, p.34-9). In the U.S. numerous states have ordered a total smoking boycott in all cafés and bars including: California, Delaware, New Jersey, New York, Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Utah, Vermont, Washington and Montana. Defenders of sans smoke eateries refer to various motivations to bar smoking in feasting foundations. Initially, decrease of carbon monoxide, a contaminant present in tobacco smoke. An expanded degree of carbon monoxide has been appeared to cause cerebral pain, chest torment, change of pulse and sickness (Steenland, 1992, p.48-54). Clinical research exhibits that recycled tobacco smoke makes 35,000 40,000 overabundance passings from coronary illness every year in the U.S. alone. As a Gallup Poll appears, 52 percent of Americans accept recycled smoke is hurtful. The New York Department of Health found in a recent report that air contamination levels had diminished sixfold in bars and cafés after the boycott became effective. The examination likewise found that 97 percent of the in excess of 22,000 foundations assessed by the city from April 2003 through February were found in consistence with the new law and that 150,000 New Yorkers revealed less introduction to recycled smoke in the ir work environments since the boycott produced results (Zagat, 2004, p.43-6).Citizens of Helena, Mont. casted a ballot to boycott smoking in every single open spot. A half year later the state Legislature repealed the boycott. During the half year boycott, respiratory failure rates dropped by 58 percent. When the boycott was lifted, the coronary episode rate returned to past levels (US Department of Health and Human Services, 2000, p.132). Another model: an investigation of Norway's 2004 sans smoke work environment law in bars, eateries and night clubs has demonstrated the law to be a gigantic accomplishment with staff breathing improved, nicotine in their pee disposed of and air quality has been tidied up (Rosted, 2006, p.88-96). The idea of more sans smoke eateries is by all accounts drawing in benefactors. An examination in New York reports that 96 percent of those studied are eating out as frequently or all the more regularly since a without smoke feasting boycott was set up. I n addition, eatery openings dwarfed closings by a 2-1 proportion (Zagat, 2004, p.52-6). Second, the smoking boycott brings about a huge number of advantages for the administration and security of the café, including diminishing the wiped out time of representatives, constrained obligation of damage to workers, and diminished danger of fire risks. It gives a more advantageous condition in the eatery and diminishes wiped out time of representatives disturbed by colds, sinus issues, asthma, and other respiratory issues activated by recycled smoke presentation. The law cuts the support costs by dispensing with consumes to floor coverings, stalls, tables and different decorations. Smoking boycott disposes of filthy ashtrays and remains and butts on the floor. It shields the café's proprietors from stressing that bread and cakes will get smoke smell. The law gets rid of grievances from non-smokers pestered by the smoke in the foundation. It makes seating simpler: the eatery's workers won't need to stress over placing clients in the

Strategy at Comet Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Procedure at Comet - Essay Example The principle quality of Comet is that it had built up the shopping experience of its clients, both in its online nearness and retail location nearness by utilization of present day PC innovation (â€Å"Comet†). In any case, its primary shortcoming is that it doesn't completely think about its clients, with whom it appears to be disengaged. The majority of its techniques were not client focused, other than selling their items extravagantly. This paper consequently addresses the SWOT investigation of this organization, so as to figure out what could have driven the organization to crumple, and what should be possible to resuscitate the circumstance. Comet Group Limited Company is possessed by OpCapita, however is right now in organization by Deloitte. This specific electrical retailer has its central station in Hertfordshire, United Kingdom, which is its essential area. It has an aggregate of 8 000 representatives and 240 electrical stores in the UK. Being a piece of OpCapita LLP, Comet doesn't discharge its financials. Comet professes to have organized its customers’ needs, for example, value, decision, and administrations (â€Å"Comet†). Comet Company is profoundly enhanced as it disperses a wide scope of electrical items to its market. These incorporate home apparatuses just as electrical office hardware, among others. Home apparatuses sold incorporate ice chests, clothing, dishwashers, coolers, cooking items, and little kitchen machines. What's more, it additionally appropriates gadgets, for example, TVs, advanced adaptable plates, PCs, cameras, satellite route, camcorders, games and consoles, iPod, MP3, HiFi frameworks, blu beam, and a wide scope of telephones. Other exceptional administrations offered by Comet are 24 hour conveyance, and home conveyance administrations. Its delegates additionally perform full establishment of items for clients, reclaim, and reusing offices for huge items, just as after deal administrations (Moth 2011). Comet gloats of both the immediate and online nearness. Clients can shop straightforwardly at their stores or shop online through the

How to Start an Informative Essay

How to Start an Informative Essay The purpose of an informative essay is to enlighten someone about a particular matter. To write this type of paper, you have to be very knowledgeable about the topic and present information clearly and tidily. It may seem difficult but you should do it little by little. Work systematically and you will succeed in your task. This article is here to tell you how to start an informative essay Defining an informative essay In an informative essay, you apprise the reader about a certain subject, for example achievement in science, situation with the environment, labor of children and other subjects. This kind of work is common for schools or for tasks connected with a job along with online information. In this type of paper, you have to introduce facts rather than your viewpoint and to keep to the major essay subject. Select an essay subject Here are some tips on picking the theme for your paper: ? Your theme mustn’t be very restricted or very wide. It can cause difficulties with presenting your ideas clearly. ? The theme must be attractive to the readers. ? The theme must also interest you as it will simplify your writing process and it will be interesting for you. Think over Make a scheme of ideas and place them into groups. You can place the subject in the center of a piece of paper and write suitable thoughts near it. After that, draw lines to join them. Write as many ideas as possible near each thought. Informative essay frame ? The first chapter of the paper is introduction which is intended to make a summary of the rest of the work. You can create some notes and stuff it after finishing the rest of the work. ? The next chapter must be the body. It includes the content of the work. One section of the body must have one point. Your paper must have at any rate three major points. An ideal essay frame includes three body sections. If you want maintain this frame, choose three most significant points for the body. ? Finish the paper with a conclusion part. It must summarize all information in the essay body. It can also serve as a possibility to strengthen a thesis statement. This part is a great chance to convey the message. Undertake a good study It is an essential aspect because in this type of essay you must convey exact information. You must choose literature written by specialists on the subject very carefully. Ask for help in the library as you may find authoritative literature sources there. Use the Internet sources carefully, especially if you want to take something from Wikipedia. The information there can be questionable. It is recommended to search for online sources from government institutions and universities as they are considered to be well-regarded. A suitable point to start can be Google Scholar. Inscribe while you research Take a piece of paper and record interesting information you have found. You may also use a computer to type your findings. No matter what way you select, it is essential that your records were in one place. An informative essay must have introduction with several major thoughts and a conclusion. You can record each note under that chapter where you want it to be. Make a snare Beginning an informative essay, you should introduce a good snare to attract the attention of the readers. It can be a powerful citation, an amusing fact or ?n expressive question. You may also use an anecdote or stats. Do not use specifications and clichés as a snare. These snares are used too often and can cause an adverse effect of your intentional hooking of the readers into the paper. Provide the background knowledge Present the general information about the subject. For instance, you are writing a paper about physical culture, in this case you may add some clauses illustrating the negative effect of a couch-potato lifestyle on health. Formulate the problem Provide a thesis statement for the background knowledge. It reveals the major thought of the work. A strong thesis statement provides the reader with a notion about what to figure on the paper and nudges him to go on. The thesis statement can be placed in the center of introduction section or in the end of it. As you’re writing an informative essay, there shouldn’t be your viewpoint on the subject in the thesis statement. It refers to other kinds of essays. Ask the tutor for advice Before you start writing you may ask your tutor how to start a good informative essay and what must be included in the outset of the work. If the tutor gives the title, revise it once more to feel certain that you are adding all needed elements. If after this you are still not sure that you’ve understood the tutor’s expectations, talk your unrest over with him upon request.

The Concept of Trust, Social Preferences and Fairness in Corporate Finance - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 9 Words: 2702 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Compare and contrast essay Did you like this example? This essay examines the concept of trust, social preferences and fairness in corporate finance and then explores and discusses their respective importance in the financial markets. Ernest Hemingway famously quoted that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“the best way to find out if you can trust somebody is to trust them.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  The role of trust has become paramount in financial markets due to their increasing complexity, and especially because of the escalating use of electronic communication within them, which has made exchanges more estranged and depersonalised. The concept of trust has often been credited for providing significant insights into the transactions and conduct that are found in financial markets. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Concept of Trust, Social Preferences and Fairness in Corporate Finance" essay for you Create order It is however important to first understand the meaning of the term à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"trustà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢, in order to carry out a meaningful analysis of its salience in these markets. The dictionary definition of the word is à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"a firm belief in the reliability, truth, or ability of someone or somethingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ or à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"a reasonable belief that people will tell the truth, and keep their promisesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢. A particularly relevant definition of trust is à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"faith or confidence in the loyalty, strength and veracity of a person or thing, without examinationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢. This definition demonstrates the connection between trust and confidence and is therefore significant, since more often than not; collapses in confidence in financial markets are largely attributed to breakdowns in trust (Tomasic and Akinbami, 2011). Another relevant concept of trust that is pertinent is the definition which was later examined experimentally in the trust game experiment, by Bacharach and Gambetta (2001) and Ermish and Gambetta (2006). The financial system being a series of interlocking markets requires trust within them and between firms and consumers to operate effectively and efficiently. Trust instils a feeling of belief that the relationship with the corporation will be predictable, reliable, and consistent in meeting the necessary needs and requirements (CoveyLink Worldwide, 2006). It is crucial to the health of the economy and the financial landscape because it provides investors with a fairly easy and inexpensive way to make decisions. Banking and finance scholars, such as Gray and Hamilton have asserted that emotions such as trust and confidence have significant influences on decision making, because evaluating the vast array of information and risks associated with complex and uncertain financial services products is difficult for consumers. Thereby, in reality, investors and consumers use trust as some sort of a heuristic, relying on it to fill information gaps. It is therefore imperative that due attention be paid upon it to help investors to continue investing in financial products and services, and securities. Guiso and Sapienza et al. (2008) explicitly addressed everyday investment activity in terms of trust in the stock market by saying à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The decision to invest in stocks requires not only an assessment of the risk-return trade off given the existing data, but also an act of faith (trust) that the data in our possession is reliable and the overall system is fair.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Trust therefore is important not only in commercial relationships, but is relevant in both retail financial and wholesale markets. Quigley (2007) emphasized the critical role of trust, stating, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Without trust and confidence, markets do not function and value is destroyedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . It has been observed in the past that key components of financial markets such as transparency, investor confidence, liquidity and uncertainty, are largely based and dependent on trust and when financial institutions engage in trust abuse, these very components are severely eroded. This was particularly highlighted during the global financial crisis wherein when confidence (trust) declined, the abovementioned important foundations receded, thereby eventually weakening the financial market. The collapse of Northern Rock in 2007 serves as a stark illustration of why trust is instrumental and how its disappearance can have a detrimental effect on financial markets. Furthermore, breakdowns of trust between the members of a firm, and between a firmà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s relationships with other firms through self-dealing and abuse can have a damaging impact as strongly illustrated by the infamous collapse of Lehman Brothers in 2008 and in Goldman Sachsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ role in the ABACUS scandal in 2007. Stakeholders such as shareholders, creditors and employees trust the senior m anagement of the firm to run it in their best long term interest; the drawback however of strong relations of trust is the high dependency of one party on another that it entails. The use of creative accounting represents an impact of the abuse of this trust, most noticeably demonstrated by the managers of Enron that ultimately contributed to its downfall. Such esoteric accounting treatments conceal short-comings in corporate performance and could be used to fundamentally mislead the market, and raise doubts about the reliability of financial report. Moreover, the so called à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Agency problemà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ highlights the need and importance of trust between the internal members of a firm, as exhibited in the case of Lehman Brothers wherein the management failed the trust placed on them by their shareholders, thereby leading to its inevitable collapse. For financial markets to operate smoothly, trust between consumers and their agents, between consumers and intermed iaries, and between consumers and the market are undoubtedly required (Social market foundation, 2011). Trust, through the assumption that others will behave similarly according to common norms of economic conduct, instils a belief in a person that their counterpart in a transaction will not take advantage of them and this is an important aspect in the wider social context in which financial organisations operate. It is thus a necessity amongst the diverse professionals and organisations that constitute the market, and promotes economic efficiency in instrumental terms and reduces the transaction costs of economic exchange. Although trust is normally ignored in standard economic models, the existence of trust amongst those who operate within financial markets and the financial markets as a whole, is of prime importance. It is presumably ignored in the standard models due to the supposition that external law and order parties can effectively protect the interests of contracting parti es from fraud and abuses of trust. Companies that inculcate values such as integrity, trust and transparency outperform other firms by a wide margin in terms of growth in stock price and profitability (Kouzes and Posner, 2002). Moreover, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"transparency paysà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢, as declared by Robert Eccles (2001). Divulging essential information has proven invaluable to companies as it lowers the cost of capital and poses less risk for investors. They are perceived by the public to be more honest as providing accurate information helps the investors in making informed decisions. Deliberately withholding information that is a requisite to making these decisions can create a sense of mistrust and thereby seriously damage a corporations potential to improve business performance within the financial markets. High profile debacles of financial shenanigans, such as Enron and Tyco demonstrated the negative effects of complex business structures and dispensing fallacious finan cial information. The integrity of markets therefore largely depends on market participants being honest and open with each other. According to Tonkiss (2009), à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Trust leads a double life as both a social value and an economic resource; as such, it is a critical concept for linking social arrangements with economic outcomes.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  The conservative view of contractarianism states that corporations are a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"web of implicit and explicit contracts,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ with established rights and obligations amongst the firmà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s many stakeholders which includes investors, creditors and the management. Participants upholding this view generally disregard values such as trust, ethics and fiduciary duties. On the other hand, progressive scholars state that trust is predominantly important within firms and the stakeholders do not necessarily behave in a strictly individualistic and selfish manner, as is often implied by other economic models . Additionally, they believe that economic relationships are also social relationships that look beyond just the pursuit of self-interest and in fact, require a certain degree of trust to flourish in the first place. This arguably applies to the associations between different entities in the financial markets and raises doubts as to whether financial markets are merely contract-based markets or if they have a social character, and whether some financial market participants should have à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"other-regardingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ duties such as fiduciary duties imposed upon them. The traditional description of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"homo economicusà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢, as the perpetual pursuit of self-interest may not strictly apply in financial markets because the trustees could anticipate additional and institutional benefits from behaving a certain way or making a particular business decision. By expecting the other party to act correspondingly and by upholding the interests of others, they may derive benefit from their seemingly altruistic behaviour. This brings us to the importance of social preferences or à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"other-regardingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ duties in financial markets. Social preferences or à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"other-regardingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ duties are a type of preference including trust, fairness, reciprocity and empathy, and are studied in behavioural and experimental economics and social psychology, through economics experiments. Folk wisdom in behavioural economics depicts that in competitive markets, social preferences are of no importance. The standard neoclassical model is built on the assumption that all economic agents are only interested in their own material well-being. Many experiments, starting with Smith (1962, 1964) and later confirmed by Fehr and Schmidt (1999) and Dufwenberg et al. (2008) have shown that the standard neoclassical model holds true and that due to the presence of competition, all market participants behave as if the y are purely self-interested. These authors maintain that even though the standard model is unfair and distributes almost the entire surplus to one side of the market, the classic model predicts market outcomes quite well. Dufwenberg et al. (2008) through a general equilibrium model that allowed for a large class of social preferences identified necessary and sufficient conditions on preferences, which they termed à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“separabilityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , which further strengthened their belief in the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“classicalà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  theory; participants with social preferences behave as if they were purely self-interested. However, in contrast, there is also a large body of mounting experimental and field evidence showing that many people are not purely self-interested and that their behaviour is affected by caring about the well-being of others (Ledyard 1995, Fehr and GÃÆ' ¤chter 2000, Karlan 2005, Egas and Riedl 2008, Falk and Heckman 2009). Such social (aka othe r-regarding) preferences constitute a profound deviation from the standard neoclassical homo economicus assumption and also show that people are heterogeneous; some care a lot about other peopleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s payoffs while others care very little. The findings by these authors imply that people have been found to promote fairness and care about the welfare of other people by willing to sacrifice their own resources. This behaviour has been termed à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“social preferencesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  or à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“other-regarding preferencesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  in the behavioural literature. It has through experiments shown that many people do not only care about their own material well-being, but are also concerned about the payoffs of other people they interact with. Despite the cited evidence, the standard neoclassical assumption is still prevalent in the finance literature. Guth el al. (1982) introduced the first and probably most famous experiment on social preferences, term ed as the ultimatum game. Many other experiments ensued in which observed behaviours were inconsistent with the self-interest assumption. For example, in public good games many people deviate from the dominant strategy of free-riding and voluntary contribute to the public good (Ledyard 1995). Furthermore, if given the opportunity, they are willing to punish non-contributors even if this is costly to themselves (Fehr and GÃÆ' ¤chter, 2000). In gift exchange games subjects in the role of workers provide higher effort than contractually enforceable if their employers offer generous wages (Fehr et al. 1993). Thus, experimental evidence does suggest that many subjects are willing to give up some resources to help others. While many subjects in such experiments are willing to spend resources to achieve a fair allocation or to reciprocate kind or unkind behaviour, there are also many subjects who behave very selfishly. To understand the outcomes of these experiments it is necessary to a cknowledge the heterogeneity of social preferences and to study the interaction of fair-minded and self-interested subjects (Fehr and Schmidt 1999, Fehr, Klein and Schmidt 2007). Furthermore, experimental studies such as Brown et al. (2004,2008) showed that the role of social preferences is magnified when parties interact repeatedly and form relational contracts or if they interact once but can acquire a reputation for fair or trustworthy behaviour (Bartling et al. 2009). These findings cannot be explained by the standard neoclassical model but they are consistent with the models of social preferences discussed above. Social preferences are important because they can be used as an alternative to performance based incentive schemes and in fact, they are consistent with many of the frequently observed anomalies in financial markets. They give rise to externalities that will not be internalized if each agent chooses a consumption bundle that maximizes their internal utility. A fe w papers have also shown that socially responsible investments may sometimes perform financially better or not worse than conventional investments (Derwall et al. 2005; Kempf and Osthoff, 2007; Edmans, 2011). Social preferences might be important in many other strategic situations as well and therefore the results of such experiments have broad implications for economists and non-economists alike. They may give rise to herding, multiple equilibria and to booms and busts on asset markets. Herding is an optimal strategy if investors have social preferences and gives rise to multiple asset market equilibria. Even if all market participants behave optimally and have rational expectations, these effects can be used to elucidate time varying risk premia, stock market bubbles and crashes Gebhardt (2002, 2004). Despite these advances and the topicà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s importance, it is fair to say that little is known about whether, and to what extent, social preferences influence economic ou tcomes in financial markets. A standard argument against the importance of social preferences in finance and economics is that they are driven out in the market place (Levitt and List 2007, List 2009). The regulation of financial markets is however is shaped not only by considerations such as beyond trust, efficiency or self-interest; they also include concern for ethics and fairness (Shefrin and Statman, 1993). The view that fairness concerns and adequate punishment of unfair behaviour are an expression of preferences has been proved to be consistent by Neuro-scientific studies. Fairness is an equally important consideration in financial markets, particularly signified by the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act in which the words à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"fairà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"unfairà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ or à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"fairnessà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ were mentioned a hundred and thirty times. The dictionary meaning of fairness is à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"the stat e, condition, or quality of being fair, or free form bias or injustice. Although the words à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“fairà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“fairnessà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  can mean a variety of different things in different contexts, there are two common themes in most discussions of fairness. The first being procedural fairness i.e. equal rules apply to all participants while the second one is distributive fairness; it examines the outputs rather than the inputs and is concerned with the equality of outcomes. The à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"inequality of endowmentsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ has always been an integral problem in financial markets since some investors start with more resources and investments than others, and therefore generate a competitive advantage from the very beginning. Procedural fairness thus can be viewed from the perspective of equal opportunities for all, wherein all market participants are treated alike. Important analysis however has shown that distributive fairness has a la rger influence on consumersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ evaluations of overall fairness, being over four times as important as any other element of fairness (The Financial Services Research Forum, 2012). Shefrin and Statman (1999) identified seven dimensions of fairness in financial markets and viewed fairness as a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“claim to entitlementsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . The various dimensions namely being: Freedom from coercion. Freedom from misrepresentation. Equal information. Equal processing power Freedom from impulse. Efficient prices Equal bargaining power References: Adler, P. S. 2001. Market, hierarchy, and trust: the knowledge economy and the future of capitalism.Organization science, 12 (2), pp. 215234. Corsetti, G., Devereux, M. P., Guiso, L., Hassler, J., Saint-Paul, G., Sinn, H., Sturm, J. and Vives, X. 2010. A trust-driven financial crisis.EEAG Report on the European Economy, pp. 5370. Duggar, J. W. 2009. The role of integrity in individual and effective corporate leadership.Journal of Academic Business Ethics, 3. Mayer, C. 2008. Trust in financial markets.European Financial Management, 14 (4), pp. 617632. Mcclure, B. 2014.The Importance Of Corporate Transparency. [online] Available at: https://www.investopedia.com/articles/fundamental/03/121703.asp [Accessed: 6 Mar 2014]. Shefrin, H. and Statman, M. 1993. Ethics, fairness and efficiency in financial markets.Financial Analysts Journal, pp. 2129. Tomasic, R. and Akinbami, F. 2011. The role of trust in maintaining the resilience of financial markets.Journal of Corporate Law Studies, 11 (2). Tonkiss, F. 2009. Trust, confidence and economic crisis.Intereconomics, 44 (4), pp. 196202.

Accomplishments Of Abraham Lincoln s Accomplishments

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SoRelle’s book Taking Sides: Clashing Views in U.S. History Volume 1: The Colonial Period to Reconstruction the topic as to whether or not Abraham Lincoln was America’s greatest president during and after the eighteenth century is explored and debated by Phillip Shaw Paludan and Melvin E. Bradford. Paludan believes Lincoln was America’s greatest presidentRead MoreThe Civil War : America s Most Memorable War957 Words   |  4 Pagesangrier, the North decided to give them a full on war to destroy the South’s’ way of thinking that slavery should be allowed. Robert E. Lee was the general of the Confederate Army; Ulysses S. Grant was general of the Union army. Ulysses was very close to Abraham during the years of this war. In 1864- 1865 general William S. lead his men into the confederate lands of Georgia and South Carolina, in which the outcome for the South was that they got an economic infrastructure. The same time t his was happening

The characteristics of Judaism Free Essays

The characteristics of Judaism such as the beliefs, ethics, rituals and ceremonies and sacred texts do have a major impact in many ways on the adherents and it provides a source of purpose and identity for individuals. It gives meaning and guidance in contemporary situations and therefore it is considered a dynamic, living religion. Beliefs Judaism is a monotheistic faith, meaning that Jews believe there is only One God. We will write a custom essay sample on The characteristics of Judaism or any similar topic only for you Order Now Often this God is beyond our ability to comprehend, but God is nevertheless present in our everyday lives. The covenant is an agreement the Jewish people have with their God. Jews believe that there is only one God, no other being participated in the work of creation and God is the only being to whom they offer praise. The terms of the covenant are summed up in the Ten Commandments that reveal adherents must have a respectful, obedient relationship with God and live harmoniously and respectfully with others. In return God will never abandon his Chosen people and God will provide salvation. Ethnics Jewish adherents ethical beliefs are derived from the 613 mitzvoth that Orthodox Jews believe were given to Moses on Mt. Sinai and taught to the Israelites as they travelled the desert to the Promised Land. Other variants believe they may have also been delivered to other divinely inspired people over time. The 248 positive and 365 negative commandments have been discussed and interpreted throughout the centuries by divinely inspired philosophers and rabbis so that they can provide guidance in every aspect of everyday life. Sacred Texts There are many sacred wri tings in Judaism, all of which teach Judaism’s adherents how to live ethical and moral lives. The writings are a major source of the laws which regulate Jewish life. Jewish sacred writings are read and studied on an ongoing basis by believers. The Jewish holy book is the Tanakh, containing the Torah and the prophetic books. The Torah is the most holy book of Judaism. Torah, which means â€Å"teaching†, is God’s revealed instructions to the Jewish People. It is important to note that while â€Å"Torah† is generally used to refer to the Five Books of Moses or Pentateuch, it is sometimes used to refer to the basic texts of Judaism in general. In this sense, â€Å"Torah† includes the Torah itself, as well as Midrash, Mishnah, and Talmud, which are the Oral Torah. Ceremonies and rituals There are many sacred ceremonies and rituals in Judaism such as Circumcision (Bris) male Jewish children are circumcised on the eighth day after their birth as a sign of a covenant between Abraham and God.. A Bar Mitzvah; at the age of thirteen, Jewish law considers boys to have reached adulthood. A special service is held in the boy’s honour, and he is permitted to read from the Torah for the first time. The comparable ceremony for girls is a Bat Mitzvah which varies in religious significance depending on the sect of Judaism. The Sabbath, Rosh Hashanah, Yom Kippur, the Passover, Shavuot, are all other important ceremonies that are apart of Judaism. The Commandments of the Torah The most important source of ethical guidance for Jews is the Torah which encompasses the Written and Oral Torah. Jewish ethics is derived from the covenantal relationship where they were protected and taught their responsibilities towards God and other people. There are 613 mitzvot 248 positive and 365 negative. The Prophetic Vision The Prophets advocated a pro-active stance to reforming social structures by emphasizing the broad themes of justice, equality and peace during a time when these concepts were of secondary importance compared to observance of law and ritual. The implication of Tikkun Olam is that all individuals have the dual responsibility of rectifying inequalities in society by helping the poor and needy, and acting as a steward by caring for the earth. The book of Wisdom The Book of Proverbs is one of the most significant collections within the genre of Wisdom literature. The Book of Proverbs is a collection of short, pithy statements which offer practical and simple advice on how to lead a moral life and behave prudently. (Wisdom, righteousness, purity, generosity of spirit) Shabbat Of the many observances and practices of Judaism, the Jewish Sabbath or Jewish Shabbat (in Hebrew) is the best known and most commonly practiced. The Jewish Shabbat is a day of rest at the end of the week, beginning on sundown Friday night, and ending on Saturday night, when three stars appear in the sky. It is an eagerly awaited chance for the Jewish people to set aside so many of their common concerns and worries and enjoy higher pursuits. Human beings are called to imitate God who rested on the seventh day after creating the world. Shabbat is the most significant liturgical event of the week. Shabbat reminds the Jewish people of the greatness of God in creating the cosmos. It reminds the Jewish people of the Covenant between God and the People of Israel which lies at the heart of Judaism (Exodus 31:16). The Jewish Sabbath is a day of celebration as well as one of prayer. It is the only rituals laid down by the Ten Commandments and is considered to be one of the most important ritual observed by the Jewish faith. The day itself is a day of rest and enrichment. The word â€Å"Shabbat† derives from a root word in Hebrew that means â€Å"to cease, to end, to rest. † Intense preparation is needed as the day approaches. Physical preparations include shopping and cleaning, which must be completed so that Shabbat is not interrupted. The meals need to be prepared and the table laid for the Friday evening meal. This is an important family occasion. Before the Friday night meal, the most significant, Kiddush (a blessing) is recited. Many Jews attend synagogue services on Friday night and Saturday morning. Shabbat being over, a plaited candle is lit and hands are spread out towards the light as a third blessing is said. This is a reminder that the first thing God created was light to be used to good purpose. From this is can be concluded that Jews believe that by fulfilling the commandments, they are communicating with God on the Shabbat. They understand the mitzvot to be God’s way of reaching out to people. The Shabbat provides a means of reflecting on these commandments and developing a deeper, joyful relationship with god and family. Conclusion Judaism is a powerful, living religion because it has provided adherents with purpose, meaning, heritage and identity. Judaism focuses on relationships; the relationship between God and man, between God and the Jewish people, between the Jewish people and the land of Israel, and between human beings. The scriptures specify the mutual obligations created by these relationships, although various movements of Judaism disagree about the nature of these obligations. Some say they are absolute, unchanging laws from God (Orthodox); some say they are laws from God that change and evolve over time (Conservative); some say that they are guidelines that you can choose whether or not to follow (Reform, Reconstructionist). The variants have formed as different communities have interpreted beliefs and ethics and adapted rituals to meet their needs in different context and because of this Judaism is clearly a dynamic religion. How to cite The characteristics of Judaism, Papers

Metaphysical Poetry Essay Example

Metaphysical Poetry Essay Metaphysical poetry to a full sense expresses the simplest experiences from the surface of life such as love, joy, hate, anger, sex, politics, religion and peace through a philosophical and logical perspective. This certainly adds extra depth and complexity to each of these life experiences. Metaphysical poetry almost takes these simple elements of life which may sometimes be taken as insignificant, and expands them out through philosophy and logic instructing us to view the bigger picture of life. The term metaphysical fell upon a group of men in the 17th century ( by John Dryden) who were mainly known as Donne, Marvell, Vaughan, and Traherne; these men were all labelled as metaphysical poets as they all shared similar characteristics in their poetry like their strong wit and inventiveness, also their use of extreme hyperbole and very sharp conceits; this made them quite a contrast to the smooth and sweet tones of the 16th century instead they took an energetic, rigorous and rough s tyle; which acquired ones intellect rather than emotion, totally discarding mysticism and intuition. Their energetic and uneven style may have possibly been due to their logical reasoning of subjects which brought out the subject in a very honest and straight forward manner, which at the time was interpreted as uneven. Even though the meanings of these poems are very simple and direct there are constant comparison and reference to mathematics, psychology, astrology and a lot more scientific explorations. This is also another property of metaphysical poetry- a constant comparison to plenty of intellectual themes, which makes these poems like mind games or intellectual workouts called epigrams. The two poems which I am comparing are by Andrew Marvell and John Donne whom are both metaphysical poets from different backgrounds. The poet John Donne is the probably the greatest metaphysical poet, he was born in 1572 in Bread Street, London into a flourishing Catholic family- which was quite an issue at that time. His father, a well-off ironmonger suddenly died in 1576 (just four years after Donne was born); consequently leaving three children with his wife Elizabeth (daughter of John Heywood). Later on Donne and his younger brother Henry were entered into Hart Hall, University of Oxford. Donne studied at Oxford for three years and then left to study at Cambridge for another three years; but he never managed to do a degree at either because he refused to take the oath of supremacy which immobilized a lot of Catholics from graduating. From 1591-92 Donne decided to go and study Law as a member of Lincolns inn, from there on it was quite clear that he was going to embark on a legal or diplomatic career. Though in 1593 Donnes Brother Henry died from fever in a prison after he had been arrested for giving refuge to a proscribed Catholic priest. This changed Donne immensely and encouraged him to doubt his faith. The immense pain that Donne had endured triggered great inspiration for his first book of poems satires. Then during 1596 he joined the naval expedition which the earl of Essex led against Cadiz, Spain and then Azores the following year. We will write a custom essay sample on Metaphysical Poetry specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Metaphysical Poetry specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Metaphysical Poetry specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer This was also another great inspiration which lead Donne to write The Calm. In 1598 Donne returned to England and he was immediately appointed as private secretary to Sir Thomas Egerton (Lord Keeper of the great seal). But in 1601 Donne life was turned up side down as he stumbled across love and shattered all his hopes of worldly gains. He fell in love with 17 year old Anne Moore, the niece of lady Egerton, and father of Sir George Moore (lieutenant of the Tower). He secretly got married but then was found out and was thrown to fleet prison by her father. He was then thrown off his post by Sir Egerton, and then for the next dozen years he struggled to support his vastly growing family. But then in 1906 Donne made reconciliation with his father in law who was persuaded into paying his daughters dowry, and from then on Donne earned a skimpy living as a lawyer, serving Thomas Morton an anti-Catholic pamphleteer, through this period of time Donne write the Devine Poems and they were only published many years later. As Donne was approaching the age of forty and he had published two anti-catholic polemics grasping the favor of King James. Donne went on to be tremendously successful, but just as he got to the height of his success; Donne was struck painfully through his wifes death on the 15th of August 1519. Anne Donne died early in life at the age of thirty three after giving to their 12th child, a still born. Once again Donne was struck by the stirring pain of death. The seeds of pain were buried deep within his unconscious and grew into beautiful flowers also known as the Holy Sonnets and the especially touching seventeenth Holy Sonnet. From their on, in the words of Izaak Walton (a friend and Biographer): Donne was crucified to the world. Love poems were no longer his concern. In 1621 he was appointed to be Dean of Saint Paul, he held this post until he died. Donne began to go into writing his private meditations; Devotions upon emergent occasions, which were all written whilst he was suffering from a serious illness. By now Donne was completely obsessed with the idea of death and so he writes Deaths Duel just a f ew weeks before his actual death. His death arrives upon his doorstep like a lost friend he had been craving to meet, and hand in hand with death he parted from this world without any resistance on March 31st 1631. The very last poem by Donne was Hymn to God, My God, In My Sickness. One of the poems in which I am investigating is by John Donne; its called the The Sun Rising. The theme of this poem is evidently to do with love, though I believe the poem is quite lustful beneath a romantic coat. There are a mixture of tones in this poem which are mainly based around the rude interruptions of the unruly Sun and the passion he possesses for his mistress. He exaggerates his passion and anger through the use of hyperbole, conceits, imagery, rhetorical gestures, and other literary mechanisms. The opening lines are placed under apostrophes Busy old fool, unruly sun, Why dost thou thus, Through windows and through curtains call on us with the use apostrophe Donne plunges the reader into his own reality. He exclaims at the sun, making direct personification that its a busy old fool. In a very angry and pestered tone Donne says that the Sun is interfering and ignorant busy, and cannot understand the young lovers in bed old fool. Then the term unruly pops up, which once m ore expresses that the Sun a nuisance and is very disruptive, but also a powerful character; as it out of control (unruly; cannot be ruled). Again in an angry but questioning tone Why dost thou thus, Through windows and through curtains call on us, this is the actual concern of the poem; why does the sun shine through the windows and interrupt Donnes unfinished business with his mistress. In these opening lines a representation of the sun is shown that its almost like a bully; pestering and interfering though powerful and uncontrollable. These opening lines definitely grabbed attention as it was a contradiction to the usual 16th century literature, where the Sun was perceived as a celestial object of respect. Now Donne goes onto giving orders to the Sun in a much pestered tone. Saucy pedantic wretch, go chide He says the Sun is rude; saucy also fussy and petty; pedantic. He tells the Sun to go and bother someone else-go chide. He represents the sun as being a narrow minded and an ignorant character. But with the use of saucy other characteristic pops up: It could image the Sun as a sly and sneaky spy, through windows and through curtains spying on the two lovers; further within these lines we find a lusty undertone. Why else would he call the Sun saucy unless he was spying on some sort of sexual act, almost like a peeping Tom. Donne carries on disrespecting the Sun by commanding it to go and pester late school boys and sour prentices who need it; indirectly telling the Sun that is all it is worth. He tells the Sun to go and supervise Court huntsmen and the country ants that are actually directly affected by the Suns actions. Within this we find another hidden meaning, it is probably classed as a sexual pun. Which transforms this poem to being lustful rather than romantic: Go tell court- huntsmen that the king will ride this is not only a command to the Sun, but also a sexual undertone with the line King will ride; to ride a horse with its pulse and motions, has long been a metaphor to show sexual activity. After telling the Sun off, Donne began to descend into a tone of pride and self satisfaction. He boasts that unlike the country ants his love was constant and strong through out whatever seaso n or climate; love all alike, no seasons know, nor clime. And unlike the Sun the love that he possessed wasnt categorized into different quantities of time (because the Sun had to follow a certain time schedule; orbit) Nor hours, days, months, which are the rags of time. Continuing with a tone of pride he rhetorically asks; Thy beams so reverend and strong, Why shouldst you think? meaning What makes you think youre beams are so strong and powerful. Donne uses this rhetorical question to assert his power. Then he asserts his power even more by commenting: I could eclipse and cloud them with a wink he is saying that he can overshadow the Sun power (light) with a mere wink; but he wouldnt do that because he wouldnt bare to not see her: But I would not loose her sight so long: If her eyes have not blinded thine with an extract of hyperbole Donne says that his mistresses eyes are brighter than the Sun. This undermined his argument a little, because if wasnt for those beams of light he wouldnt be able to see his mistress at all. I think that Donne was aware of this ludicrous assertion; he seems to be highlighting the flaws of his argument against the Sun, perhaps to emphasize the foolishness of a person in love. His praise to his mistress continues through the use of a strong hyperbole. He asks the Sun Look, and tomorrow late tell me, whether both thIndias of spice and mine, Be where you lefts them, or lie here with me. He asks of the Sun to go round his orbit, from the West Indies which g rasps Gold mines, to the East Indies which holds expensive spices and perfumes and then see if thats where the true wealth lies or does true wealth lie in Donnes bed. Donne is arrogantly saying that all here in one bed lay all the wealth and royalty in the world. In this strong hyperbole he compares his mistress to the exotic places, which sort of expresses to the reader how attractive he believes his mistress is. Donne tries to compare his world between him and his mistress to the outer world. A microcosm has been developed, Shes all states and princes I; Nothing else is. He has compared his love life to the outer life, placing his mistress as the states and hes the princes who govern the states; this also brings out the man and woman relationship in his own microcosm. In a tone occupied with pride, Donne affirms that he and his mistress are not only greater to the master of the sky but everything else as well. Princes he sneers do but play us. He declared that all honors mimic of the reverence he and his mistress share, that all wealth alchemy to the radiance of love, and that the Sun is half as happy as this couple. I think that its quite clear that Donne is aware of his foolishness. But his eloquent lines are purely for the benefit of his love. She silently receives his words as the sun silently rebuts them; as the Sun cannot be stopped the arrogant lover pretends to grant the Sun leave to remain, because he feels sorry for him as he is old: Thine age asks ease, and since thy duties be To warm the world, thats done in warming us. He cunningly twists the Suns refusal into a show of his generosity. If the Sun is determined to warm the whole world, then the speaker would make his job easier for the Sun by permitting him to stay Shine here to us, and thou art everywhere, this bed thy centre is, these walls thy sphere The idea of microcosm has hugely developed here as Donne believes that in order for the Sun to warm this world you can warm his bedroom. The last two lines also imply romance, as the sun is rotating around the two lovers, who Donne declares passionately to be all states, and all princes. . . nothing else is. and is significantly passionate. Yet this is undermined by the title, which says that the sun is rising to a new day after a night of being together, which certainly further implies sexual activity. Indeed, despite its romantic qualities, invoking the bed the lovers share as the center of the suns orbits has a clear sensual tinge; it is as if the sexual activity of the lovers is the center of the world, for what else is a bed the symbol of, if not sex? Andrew Marvell was born after John Donne in March the 31st 1621 exactly ten years after Donne died. Marvell was born in Winestead in Holderness, Yorkshire. But Marvell was educated at Cambridge where he received an inheritance upon his fathers death that gave him four years to travel the continent. Marvell wasnt a puritan himself but he supported them during the civil war and he held a number of posts for example becoming the assistant of John Milton whom was blind and who was Cromwells Latin secretary. Then in 1659, Marvell was elected to parliament where he served until his death. In parliament he expressed strong disagreements against the government in a series of outspoken and anonymously printed satires. And it was because of these political satires rather than his love poems that Andrew Marvell has become so famous. Marvell died on the 16th of August 1678 of tertian ague and the unprofessional conduct of the attending surgeon. The Poem in which I am analyzing is by Andrew Marvell, its called To His Coy Mistress which was written between 1650 and 1653, when Marvell was around 29 to 32 years of age. Andrew Marvell writes a sophisticated poem that is not only targeted to his coy mistress but to the audience as well. The main concern of this poem is that time is unavoidably passing and Marvell wishes for his mistress to act upon his desire and have a sexual relationship with him. Marvell constantly proposes to the reader and his mistress that they must act upon their desires, and not to hesitate anymore but to seize the moment, make the most of their youth before time expires, overall it is this concern that provokes the persuading tone of this poem which is clearly evident. In order to persuade his mistress Marvell uses a dramatic sense of imagery and exaggeration. In the very first two lines; a rhyming couplet, Marvell puts forward his argument: Had we but the world enough, and time, this coyness, Lady, were no crime. He is saying that it would be fine to have a slow and absorbing relationship- but theyre simply isnt enough time! Marvells opening lines are first of all to lay the introduction to his argument. And secondly flatter and impress his mistress, though maybe he has gone to hyperbolic with this (too over the top) as it seems that he is being ironic (or sarcastic), because its as if he is saying: If we were to live forever, I could spend a great deal of time seducing you. Quite obviously, they wont live forever, and Marvell knows this before he even begins his flattery. Also through his use of language we can distinguish that he is very pestered by his mistresss coyness as he labels it as a crime. In these first lines as well as investing in his persuasive tone Marvell also employs a fun and playful tone, this is recognised by his play with words through the use of alliteration, such as; we and world in the first line. Coyness and crime in the second line. In the next lines he tries to woo his lady even more by telling her that he would take his time to be romantic; we would sit down and think which way, to walk and pass our long love day. Again this was presented in a very playfu l tone as alliteration like; we would and which way in one line. And long loves day in the other. Marvell now uses a hyperbole and imagery to impress and flatter his mistress even more, in the lines: Thou by the Indian Ganges side shouldst rubies find I by the tide, of Humber would complain, he is telling his mistress what he would do for her if only he had time. But these lines also indirectly express what he thinks of her. He relates may be relating her to exotic places (river Ganges) to demonstrate to mistress and the reader her beauty. Though on the same time he is expressing her coyness to the relation of the river Ganges which is holy river (for the Hindus) and also to the fact that he finds rubies which symbolises her preserved virginity; as that is what rubies were thought to do. Marvell also tries to place his mistress as high importance by putting him self less than her; less exotic: I by the tide of Humber would complain. This line is very clever because it actually is where Marvell lived as a boy, and where he served as an M.P for more than twenty years. Again Marvell uses a clever conceit and hyperbole to explain the time span in which he would love his mistress in: I would love you ten years before the flood , and you should if you please, refuse till the conversion of the Jews. To flatter her even more he says he would love her from The great flood (which consisted of Noah to taking in the animals two by two) that took place a thousands of years ago till the conversion of the Jews which is suppose to take place at the end of the world. Though I think that in these lines Marvell attempts to impress his mistress rather than to flatter because he alludes to biblical history and geography as if to assert his worldliness and intelligence. Now Marvell goes back into the track of flattering his mistress through this hyperbolic imagery: My vegetable love should grow vaster than empires, and more slow. Vegetables only get larger and riper as they grow, corresponding to his love, which will very slowly like vegetables into vast empires. An empire is a symbol of strength, and to say that his love will grow vaster and stronger than an empire is a great hyperbolic complement to his mistress. The next set of lines sort of outlines the agenda of this poem: A hundred years should go to praise thine eyes, and thy forehead gaze, two hundred to adore each breast, but thirty thousand to the rest; an age at least to every part, and the last age should show your heart. Still in a playful and persuasive tone, he begins to immensely flatter physical attraction as he moves down her body almost as if he is sexually visualising her. Whilst doing this the numbers increase as they reach more sexual parts of her body into finally an age is given to every part, which totally outlines how much he is lusting for her rather than how much he loves her. But in the end the last age would show her heart, which could articulate her heart (personality) as being quite insignificant or it could contrast in stating that its the most valuable because in the previous lines the years of praise were increasing to reach the most valuable. To end his fun and playful tone, Marvell expresses one last flattery; For lady you deserve this state, nor would I love at lower rate he is saying that this is what she deserves and nothing less. In the next stanza the teasing and playful tone modifies into a serious tone, which tries to persuade her by slightly frightening her of the negative outcomes of being coy. The opening to the second stanza not only opens with a more serious tone. But also Marvell puts forward the middle/ second section of his argument; the first section being- its alright to be coy and preserved if we had more time. The middle section of his argument is- but the problem is that we dont have enough time. This is portrayed in the highly witty conceit; but at my back I will always hear times winged chariot hurrying near. Marvell uses an interesting image when he tries to suggest to his coy mistress that death is near but he replaces the word death for a more gentle and delicate term of times winged chariot (a c onnotation), to prevent the coy mistress from getting frightened. A winged chariot is unreal because chariots are ground transportations and its also a link to roman mythology: Apollos flying chariot which drove the Sun. It is used as a metaphor or a witty conceit to express the speed of time (a winged chariot could most probably move fast), and for the inevitability of time (the sun rises and sets regularly every day). This metaphor develops and enhances the clichà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ that time flies and sets the darker tone of the second section of Marvells argument. Once again Marvell uses imagery to fully activate the readers attention; and yonder all before us lie deserts of vast eternity. What do deserts of vast eternity look like? Maybe its the age in which he would worship his mistresses every part. Or what if the times winged chariot was hurrying near to the last age were her heart would show. The poem has advanced from ten years before the flood into eternity. Marvell says what use is your beauty, its as useless sound trying to escape from a marbl e vault: Thy beauty shall no more be found, nor, in thy marble vault, shall sound. Marvell uses a conceit to emphasis how useless her beauty will be if they do not give in to their desires. Further, all his worries, his echoing song is that he doesnt want her to die a virgin, as its all for her own good (in Marvells point of view) to let him have her long preserved virginity rather than let the worms have it, because then your quaint honour turn to dust, meaning that all her elegance wont mean anything when the she dies a virgin. This idea is reinforced by the revolting and disturbing imagery that goes along with it, of her rotting body with worms all over it, and the word dust also takes part to build this frightening imagery. Whilst he says; and your quaint honour turn to dust he follows it up with and into ashes all my lust. This basically translates into As well as your elegance and dignity turning to dust when you die a virgin, all my desires for you will turn to ashes. He tries to create a connection between himself with his mistress by saying that they both loose something, and also by using two similar words dust (her dignity) and ashes (his lust). There is also another imagery within and into ashes all my lust. Marvell makes it look like his desire for her was very passionate, almost like a ball of fire that burnt away into ashes, due to her coyness. Then Marvell takes the old imagery of a grave and reactivates it again, in the line: the grave is a fine and private place, but none I think do there embrace. He reactivates the grave imagery once more to hold the attention of the reader and also to really emphasis what would happen if was to die a virgin and not have sex with him. In that line he basically says, in a slight sarcastic tone; yes, sure if you want to die a virgin, why not? After all the grave is a fine and private place, but I dont think anyone will embrace down their. Now we arrive at the third stanza, where Marvell brings us to the third section of his argument, the conclusion. We recognise it as a conclusion due to two very simple words; Now therefore The third/ concluding part of his argument is: As its quite clear that we dont of all the time in the world, why not make the most of our youth. This argument is brought up and highlighted with the use of a simile while the youthful hue sits on thy skin like morning dew This simile is quite a standard comparison of the mistresss nature; the morning dew (actually glew-glow), like the mistresss nature is short-lived. Over all I think that both are to do with love, although To His Coy Mistress was a more lustful poem than The Sun Rising, or it may have been more explicit about its lustfulness. Because The Sun Rising also contained some lusty, though Donne did not directly target them at his mistress instead he laid them down very secretly with in his puns that were targeted at the sun. For example the part where the king will ride as I explained before. Though Marvell made some lustful gestures directly at his mistress, for example two hundred years to adore each breast. Maybe this is because Donne had already bedded his mistress which may have took the spotlight off sex little in his poem. Overall, due to these factors The Sun Rising is the more romantic of the two. Both of these poems used hyperboles to do with time themes. In Marvells poem he uses the hyperbole; vaster than empires and more slow. Empires are seen to be strong, so he uses love and compares its greatness to and empire. But in the The Sun Rising far more appropriate hyperboles are used as it uses measures that are far more natural in order to portray a continuation in time love all alike, no seasons knows nor clime, nor hours, days, months which are the rags of time. This shows that when two people are facing true love; time often flows by quickly, sometimes with no meaning. There were also very obviously different tones in each poem, because of their different concerns. Donnes tone was quite pestered, aggressive and scornful, as the opening line portrait; busy old fool, unruly sun or sometimes he used rhetorical questions to assert his power; thy beams so reverend and strong, why shouldst thou think? Donnes tone didnt change tremendously through out the poem, but he did sometimes descend into an arrogant and boastful tone; shes all states and princes I. Marvells tone was in general quite persuasive. Initially as well as having a persuasive tone he also had a fun and playful tone, this was evident t hrough his use of alliteration in the opening lines. But from the second stanza onward he still possessed a persuasive tone, but he eliminated his playful tone and replaced it with a more serious, and dark tone; as he kept reminding the mistress of death: But at my back I can always hear times winged chariot hurrying near. There is also a constant reference to the Sun in each poem. Donne refers to the Sun because it is the cause of concern of his poem, because the sun through windows and through curtains calls on him and mistress whilst they are trying to relax. Whereas Marvell relates to Sun as a tool of time, that provides him and his mistress with time; thus thou we cannot make our Sun, meaning we cannot make more time. But there is one thing in which both the poets are fully related on: The praise of their mistresses. The romantic Donne compared his mistress to being equivalent of the wealth of both thIndies. Where as the saucy Marvell visualised his naked mistress head to toe and promised an age at least to praise every part of he r body!